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Ausgabe 3-2005

Themenschwerpunkt: Sicherheitssektorreform / Security Sector Reform

INHALT

Editorial | download full article as pdf
Seite III


Themenschwerpunkt: Sicherheitssektorreform

Beiträge aus Sicherheitspolitik und Friedensforschung

Forum

Dokumentation zum Schwerpunkt
Seite 164

Neuerscheinungen
Seite 169

Annotationen
Seite 170

Besprechungen | download full article as pdf
Seite 173

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

Sicherheitssektorreform (SSR) – Konzept und Kontexte
Heiner Hänggi
Developed since the late 1990s, the concept of security sector reform (SSR) increasingly shapes international rogrammes for development assistance, security cooperation, peace-building and democracy promotion. It is a relatively broad concept, which refers to a plethora of issues and activities related to the reform of the elements of the public sector responsible for external and internal security. SSR is essentially aimed at the efficient and effective provision of security within a framework of democratic governance. In practical terms, SSR varies substantially according to the specific reform context. Three broad SSR contexts are discussed in this article: developmental, post-authoritarian and post-conflict contexts, each reflecting different rationales and opportunities for reform.
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The Parliamentary Dimension of Security Sector Reform
Willem van Eekelen
With the end of the Cold War greater responsibilities have fallen on parliaments worldwide, including in European countries. In the new democracies of Eastern Europe, parliaments needed to seize the opportunity to install effective systems of control of the security sector, including the defence sector which is the subject of this article. But reform of parliamentary oversight is also needed in Western Europe because of the new and more complex security environment. A list of parliamentary best practice is presented, based on the principles of accountability, oversight and transparency, for policy formulation, legislation, expenditures management and procurement decisions. Measured against this yardstick, parliamentary oversight still falls short in many NATO member countries.
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Security Sector Reform in Transition Countries –
Personal Reflections on a Project by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation (1998 – 2002)
Dietrich Genschel
Post World War II, Germany has adopted a successful model of civil military relations which seems highly relevant also for transition countries. A project by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, led by the author, attempted to familiarize both military and civilian groups in a number of transition countries with basic features of the German model and to discuss how it could help in defining the place and role of the military in the respective countries. Initially, seminars were conducted in the Baltic States, later followed by activities in Indonesia, Bulgaria and the Western Balkans. The combination of a foundation with expertise in issues of democratic transformation with a retired officer well versed in military reform issue proved to be particularly useful for the project. The article describes the rationale of the project, elements of its implementations as well as achievements and lessons learned.
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Reformen des Sicherheitssektors als Voraussetzung für internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Wolf Poulet
After the end of the Cold War the United Nations promoted a significant shift from national security towards human security. While the USA focuses on the war against terrorism, UN, OECD and European nations emphasise security as fundamental to people’s livelihoods, reducing poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. When security is considered to be an essential condition for sustainable development, the role of the state and its security forces come into focus. Managing Security Sector Reforms (SSR), however, is mainly the responsibility of civil elites and civil society. Without civilian oversight over the security sector, sustainable development is not achievable. This requires new thinking and a shift of priorities of international development co-operation.
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Rechtsdurchsetzung bei Entscheidungen des IGH
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Sicherheitsrates
Hans Sachs
This article addresses the impact of the decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). After detecting the binding nature of judgments and of provisional measures of the ICJ, the possibilities and limits of the enforcement of the decisions of the ICJ by the Security Council according to Art. 94 (2) of the UN Charter are highlighted. The exertion of self-help is not excluded by this possibility, but there is a certain obligation for the states to address the Security Council in order to enforce the decision of the ICJ before they can legally exercise their right of self-help. However, the threat or use of force to implement a decision of an international court by self-help is illicit. The power of veto of the five permanent members of the Security Council is not restricted during the proceeding under Art. 94 (2) of the Charter.
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Für eine Europäische Sicherheitspolitik aus einem Guss
Sieben Vorschläge für eine Grüne Sicherheitsstrategie
Angelika Beer
In addressing the task of building peace, an »integrated European security policy« is the most appropriate instrument. In future, all the foreign and security policy tools available – from humanitarian aid to development policy, from foreign trade policy to international finance policy, from diplomacy to disarmament, arms export, non-proliferation, sanctions and arms control policies, up to and including civilian and military crisis management – must be linked and integrated. Only by making coordinated, targeted and efficient use of the most appropriate policy tools is there any prospect of achieving the objective, namely to combat the causes of war and crises promptly and effectively.
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Das europäische Sicherheitsforschungsprogramm
Eine erste Einschätzung
Martin Kahl/Achim Maas/Christian Mölling/Götz Neuneck
The European Security Strategy (ESS) not only furthered the common European security and defence policy, but also named for the first time a set of concrete threats for the security of the EU. The ESS furthermore formulated the objective to combine the efforts of the Union, thus enabling a common approach to counter these threats. One of the results is the European Security Research Program (ESRP) put forward by the European Commission. As we will show, the ESRP remains plagued by several inconsistencies which impair its effectiveness: while potentially providing viable solutions the program might also generate undesirable consequences due to these inherent problems. These potential risks and their management also mark the point of reference for a proposed interdisciplinary research program concerned with the impact of new security technologies on European societies and individuals.
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