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Ausgabe 4-2005

Themenschwerpunkt: Bundeswehr und innere Führung / Federal Armed Forces and Internal Command

INHALT

Editorial | download full article as pdf
Seite III


Themenschwerpunkt: Bundeswehr und innere Führung

Beiträge aus Sicherheitspolitik und Friedensforschung

Forum

Dokumentation zum Schwerpunkt

  • 50 Jahre Bundeswehr, 50 Jahre »Innere Führung«: Anlass zu Reflexion und Reform
    Kommission »Europäische Sicherheit und Zukunft der Bundeswehr« am IFSH
    Seite 230

Neuerscheinungen
Seite 232

Annotationen
Seite 234

Besprechungen | download full article as pdf
Seite 235

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

Die gespaltene Ausrichtung der Bundeswehr –
oder: warum sich die Bundeswehr mit der »Inneren Führung« seit 1950 schwer tut
Detlef Bald
»Innere Führung« is the key word, to differentiate the Bundeswehr from its historic predecessors. The concept to use the constitution’s values and norms in the military today stands for granted in politics and society. But about that in all phases of Bundeswehr there had been heavy disputes. The position of the so called reformers could make its way only hard against that of the traditionalists. In the document of Himmerod from 1950 the foundation’s compromise can already be discovered. This ambivalence of military politics against »Innere Führung« appears again and again as a problem in Bundeswehr’s 50 years of history. The following text examines the secret consultations in autumn 1950.
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Innere Führung in Zeiten des Umbruchs:
Zur Aktualität einer für obsolet erklärten Konzeption
Martin Kutz
Innere Führung, that is leadership development and civic education, is considered to be a particularity of the German Forces, the Bundeswehr. It manifests itself in various institutional forms. There are directives on Innere Führung, and in the legal provisions governing the military we fi nd many principles which refer to Innere Führung. The paper is structured as follows: First: Do the new challenges require a reorientation? Secondly, the military patterns of reaction will be addressed. Third: Innere Führung in the context of rearmament during the East-West confl ict. Fourth: Concept of Innere Führung. Finally a possible application of Baudissin’s patterns of logic as »invented« by Count Baudissin in our times will be discussed.
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Innere Führung und Transformation der Bundeswehr
Anmerkungen zu 50 Jahren Innere Führung in der Bundeswehr
Thomas R. Elßner
The postwar German Army is 50 years old this year. As part of its leadership structure, it has an advisory body called »Innere Führung«, internal leadership. Its brief encompasses fundamental questions of the rights and duties of soldiers, with particular focus on ethical questions. The German Army is in the midst of structural changes, a process labelled Transformation. The major change is a switch from a purely defensive force to one that is available for operational duties all over the world. This has repercussions on the German soldier’s job description. It has been an essential feature of the post-war German Army that its soldiers remain part of the civic society. A soldier’s right to refuse orders on grounds of conscience has recently come under criticism. A new situation in overseas confl icts is that an army may be confronted by »boy soldiers«, children who take an active part in armed combat. This requires new thinking.
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Grundlagen für das Thema Frieden in Baudissins Werk
 Claus von Rosen
The spiritual turning point in Baudissin’s life is shown in his works »East or West – thoughts about a vital German- European question«, written during his imprisonment in 1946. He received essential impetus from Wilhelm Röpke’s »Civitas Humana« and Emil Brunner’s »Justice«. Baudissin’s worries were about a general new ethic orientation. Thus, peace on earth has become a decisive normative and objective category of thinking. He views this peace of the individual as »inner peace« as well as a political one, both being interlinked. In the face of a »common peacelessness« he looks for political possibilities of improvement and recommends to focus on the immediate objective, the political concrete. These are the foundations of his further work as the creator of »Inner Leadership« with the model of a »Soldier for Peace« as well as the peace researcher counselling politicians on the strategies of deterrent and cooperative steering of armament.
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Gezielte Sanktionen als Mittel der Konflikteinhegung in Afrika – Erfahrungen und Aussichten
 Michael Brzoska
Sanctions have been frequently used as an instrument to end, or at least reduce the intensity of confl icts in Africa. Several of these have been stand-alone arms embargos. Most of the more recent sanctions, however, combine arms embargoes with other measures from the menu of »smart sanctions« such as travel restrictions and fi nancial sanctions. Another noticeable trend in the recent past has been the use of asymmetrical sanctions by the United Nations – sanctions against one of the parties in a confl ict. Not all confl icts in Subsaharan Africa have triggered sanctions. No sanctions are, for example, noted for some cases that have not been in the spotlight of international attention. In other cases, strong international partners prevented countries from being sanctioned, at least over some time. The assessment of the effectiveness depends highly on the yardstick of effectiveness. Some effects on sanctions on the targeted goods, particularly arms, can be noted in nine out of 13 sanction episodes, however, there is only one case, Angola, were the political goal seems to have been reached through sanctions.
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Friedensmodelle in Asien
Miao-ling Hasenkamp
As the gravity of world politics moves toward Asia following the rise of China and India as infl uential players, the Asian actors are asked to assert their role in promoting regional and world peace. What kind of Asian-style peace models can be derived from their post-war history? The essay discusses the idea of »peace« in different Asian cultural backgrounds and examines the relevance and problems of fi ve important peace models (the Confucian model with its authoritarian culture, the Japanese model with its modernization, the Indian model in showing democracy and unity in diversity, the Indonesian Muslim democracy model and the economic integration model). The essay concludes that despite the merits of these models, they suffer from serious defi cits. Asia lacks a critical and compre hen sive review of its own past not only in the bilateral relations among states (the question of Japan’s war responsibility toward its neighbors during World War II), but also in domestic affairs (the government-made atrocities in China and Indonesia).
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Grundlagen »Gemeinsamer Sicherheit« im Weltraum:
Ein Multilaterales Abkommen über Gemeinsame/Kooperative Sicherheit im Weltraum (KSW-Vertrag)
Detlev Wolter
In this article, the author argues for a system of »common space security« and unfolds the necessary basics in regard to politics, concepts and international law to establish such a system. He proposes a treaty about Cooperative Security in Space (KSWV), which shall prevent space weaponization and instead upholds the principles of co-operative and preventive arms control. The treaty would ensure that space will be exclusively used in the »interest of all mankind« and for »peaceful purposes«, as outlined in Article I of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. The KSWV would also allow the nuclear powers to replace their strategy of »Mutual Assured Destruction« with »Mutual Assured Security«.
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