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Ausgabe 1-2008

Themenschwerpunkt: »Maritime«Sicherheit / Maritime security

INHALT

Editorial | download full article as pdf
Seite III

Themenschwerpunkt: «Maritime«Sicherheit

Beiträge aus Sicherheitspolitik und Friedensforschung

Forum

Neuerscheinung
Seite 48

Besprechungen | download full article as pdf
Seite 49

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

Mehr maritime Sicherheit
Susanne Härpfer
A chemical tanker is hijacked by terrorists learning how to drive a ship. Such attacks are the preparations for the equivalent of the al-Qaida hijackers attending fl ight schools before the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, some analysts say. Others counter argue that local piracy events are regularly overinterpretated as having a terroristic background whereas traditional regional crime is involved. Which incident should be categorized in which manner is a diffi cult task – carried out in a honest way only by humint on the very spot. Nevertheless one has to face global »action movie« like attacks against ships and maritime installations which should not be neglected in order to prevent a maritime 9/11.

China’s Naval Build-Up
Thomas Wiegand
Since the early 1980s the People’s Republic of China has been going through a process of tremendous social and economic transformation. From a state-planned economy to a market-oriented one and from a closed society to a more open one. One of the most visible results of these changes is a tremendous rate of economic growth. China’s rapid economic rise is being accompanied by a comprehensive military build-up which is raising more and more concern among China’s neighbors. States including Japan and, above all, the USA worry about Beijing’s ultimate strategic goals and their underlying rationale. Will the PRC become the preeminent power in the Asia-Pacifi c Region, replacing the United States as the dominant nation there? Will China attack Taiwan in the near future, seeking to bring it under its control? This paper examines in depth the motives driving China’s military modernization, especially the build-up of a blue-water navy. Guaranteeing the vital security of the country and protecting its economic gains are the principal motives for the massive modernization of the military. The PRC is not seeking to dominate other countries or regions but rather to prevent other powers, especially the USA, from dominating China. However, China’s comprehensive military modernization, especially the creation of a blue-water navy, could trigger an arms race in the Asia-Pacifi c region and increase the danger of confrontation. Proposals for avoiding a military clash are therefore essential.

Sicherheit der Seewege – eine Betrachtung aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht
negotiations. Lessons from Guatemala
Philip Buse
The following text tries to show, by means of three examples, the challenge of maritime security for the economies of producing, distributing and consuming states, respectively. Considering the fact that over 90 per cent of all transported goods worldwide are carried by seagoing vessels, everybody understands the need to protect international transport routes against criminal acts and, more recently, terrorist attacks. One aspect of this is the protection of port facilities and stored goods, i.e. containers, as well as, the protection of the ships themselves. This should be met by the provisions of the ISPS Code. The second aspect is the surveillance and protection of goods using any other means of transport. The aim is the documentation of every part of the supply chain. The third and last aspect concerns the »traditional and common« piracy on seagoing vessels for either criminal or terrorist purposes and the countermeasures taken.

Herausforderung: Maritime Sicherheit
Rainer Brinkmann / Dirk Peters
Maritime Security is gaining signifi cance in the fi eld of security policy for various reasons. Attending to maritime security is a core national interest of the Federal Republic of Germany. But maritime security cannot be achieved by the effort of a single nation. It is global in scope. In consequence, numerous international initiatives are pursuing the aim of sharpening public awareness of maritime security issues, tightening the surveillance of sea areas and extending cooperation in detecting and defending against dangers while respecting national differences. By creating the Maritime Security Centre, Germany has established the preconditions for intensifying the cooperation of state and federal enforcement agencies while involving the German Navy. In particular the involvement of the Navy, which could make a substantial contribution to maritime security, requires changes in the constitution to enable naval personnel to exercise law enforcement authority or to employ military weapons to this end. Appropriate proposals are being made. | download full article as pdf

Deutsche Interessen und Raketenabwehr1
Michael Staack
Since the current US administration declared its intention to deploy a strategic missile defence system in Poland and the Czech Republic, nuclear arms control has regained a prominent position on the international agenda. Taking into account recent attempts at dealing with Iranian nuclear ambitions, this paper points out the extent which German interests are at stake in this new debate. While the author acknowledges legitimate concerns about national security and defence, he emphasizes the importance of multilateral cooperation with all major and regional players involved, including Russia and China. NATO and the EU are the best place to discuss any new strategy.

Darf der Staat doch Unschuldige opfern?
Taugt die Analogie mit der Wehrpfl icht zur Rechtfertigung der Tötung Unschuldiger beim Flugzeugabschuss?
Gerhard Beestermöller
Could shooting down a plane, killing its innocent passengers and potentially also people on the ground, ever be warranted if this were the only way to prevent a terrorist attack? This article considers an argument that compares these killings with the compulsory conscription of soldiers. If the state is permitted to send its citizens to war knowing that many will be killed in action, then it cannot be absolutely illegitimate to shoot down a plane. However, a state is only authorized to conscript its own citizens. On the basis of this comparison, it is therefore only legitimate for a state to shoot down a plane in such a situation if it can be certain that no foreigners will be killed in the plane or on the ground, which is highly unlikely. Furthermore, while conscription is only permitted if the state does not select citizens on the basis of their personal preferences, the likelihood of one’s sitting on a plane very much does depend on personal preferences. Above all, sending soldiers to war is only justifi able if the war is legitimate. If a soldier fi ghting for a just cause is killed, he has suffered an act of injustice; a violation of his human rights has been committed by the unjust attacker. Thus, while a state might be permitted to expose its soldiers to deadly unjust violence, a state is never allowed to commit an abuse of human rights itself.

Engendering Security Sector Reform: Where to from Here?
Daniel Bendix and Ruth Stanley*
The category of gender has only recently been introduced into the debate on security sector reform (SSR). Drawing on studies of gender in SSR, this paper reviews the rationales offered for incorporating a gender perspective and the strategies adopted for achieving this. It concludes that there is still a lack of implementation tools and, furthermore, that the analysis of gender in SSR could usefully be broadened by drawing on the insights of feminist-inspired peace research on the role of security institutions in the construction of gender identities.